We should keep in
mind that a computer is a programmable machine. The two main characteristics
of a computer are:
- It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
- It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions (a program). Modern computers are electronic and digital.
The actual machinery -
wires, transistors and circuits is called hardware; the instructions and
data are called software. All general purpose computers require the following
hardware components:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): The ‘brain’ of the computer, the component that actually executes instructions.
- Memory : It enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.
- Input device : Usually a keyboard or mouse is used to read data and programs into the computer.
- Output device: A display screen, printer, etc. that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.
- Mass storage device: It allows a computer to permanently store large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drive and tape drive.
In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components of a computer to work together efficiently.
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